Worldwide, poor nutrition is most frequent in economically depressed or isolated population but also may result from concern with body image and weight control (Vereecken & Maes, 2000). Eating disorders, including obesity, are most prevalent in industrialized societies, where food is abundat and atractiveness is equated with slimness; but these disorders appear to be increasing in non-Western countries as well (Makino, Tsuboi, & Dennerstein, 2004).
Eating Disorders: Risk Factors and Symptoms
RISK FACTORS
- Accepting society's attitudes about thinness
- Being a perfectionist
- Being female
- Experiencing childhood anxiety
- Feeling inceased concern or attention to weight and shape
- Having eating gastrointestial problems during early childhood
- Having a family history of addictions or eating disorders
- Having parents who are concerned about weight and weight loss
- Having a negative self-image
Anorexia
- Using laxatives, enemas, or diuretics inappropriately in an effort to lose weight
- Binge eating
- Going to bathroom right after meals
- Excercising compulsively
- Restricing the amount of food eaten
- Cutting food into samll pieces
- Dental cavities due to self-induced vomiting
- Confused or slow thinking
- Blotchy or yellow skin
- Depression
- Dry mouth
- Extreme sensitivity to cold
- Fine hair
- Low blood pressure
- No menstruation
- Poor memory or poor judgement
- Significant weight loss
- Wasting away of muscle and loss of body fat
Bulimia
- Abuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas to prevant weight gain
- Binge eating
- Going to bathroom right after meals
- Frequent weighing
- Self-induced vomating
- Overachieving behavior
- Dental cavities due to self-induced vomiting
From Diane E. Papalia and Ruth Duskin Feldman, A Child's World: Infancy through Adolescence, 12th ed., p. 407, Table 15.3.
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